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Set - III
1. Write a c program to read,add,and subtract two complex numbers using strutures
#include <stdio.h>
typedef struct complex {
float real;
float imag;
} complex;
complex add(complex n1, complex n2);
int main() {
complex n1, n2, result;
printf("For 1st complex number \n");
printf("Enter the real and imaginary parts: ");
scanf("%f %f", &n1.real, &n1.imag);
printf("\nFor 2nd complex number \n");
printf("Enter the real and imaginary parts: ");
scanf("%f %f", &n2.real, &n2.imag);
result = add(n1, n2);
printf("Sum = %.1f + %.1fi", result.real, result.imag);
return 0;
}
complex add(complex n1, complex n2) {
complex temp;
temp.real = n1.real + n2.real;
temp.imag = n1.imag + n2.imag;
return (temp);
}Output:
For 1st complex number Enter the real and imaginary parts: 2.1 -2.3 For 2nd complex number Enter the real and imaginary parts: 5.6 23.2 Sum = 7.7 + 20.9i
2. Write a c program that coverts lower case to upper case string
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main() { char s[100]; int i; printf("\nEnter a string : "); gets(s); for (i = 0; s[i]!='\0'; i++) { if(s[i] >= 'a' && s[i] <= 'z') { s[i] = s[i] -32; } } printf("\nString in Upper Case = %s", s); return 0; }
Set 1 2nd
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
char string[50];
int i, length = 0;
printf("Enter a string \n");
gets(string);
/* keep going through each character of the string till its end */
for (i = 0; string[i] != '\0'; i++)
{
length++;
}
printf("The length of a string is the number of characters in it \n");
printf("So, the length of %s = %d\n", string, length);
}
Set 2
1. #include <stdio.h>
struct student {
char firstName[50];
int roll;
float marks;
} s[5];
int main() {
int i;
printf("Enter information of students:\n");
// storing information
for (i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
s[i].roll = i + 1;
printf("\nFor roll number%d,\n", s[i].roll);
printf("Enter first name: ");
scanf("%s", s[i].firstName);
printf("Enter marks: ");
scanf("%f", &s[i].marks);
}
printf("Displaying Information:\n\n");
// displaying information
for (i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
printf("\nRoll number: %d\n", i + 1);
printf("First name: ");
puts(s[i].firstName);
printf("Marks: %.1f", s[i].marks);
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
2. #include <stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
char str1[20]; // declaration of char array
char str2[20]; // declaration of char array
int value; // declaration of integer variable
printf("Enter the first string : ");
scanf("%s",str1);
printf("Enter the second string : ");
scanf("%s",str2);
// comparing both the strings using strcmp() function
value=strcmp(str1,str2);
if(value==0)
printf("strings are same");
else
printf("strings are not same");
return 0;
}
Set 4
1. #include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
char str[100], sstr[100];
int pos, l, c = 0;
printf("\n\nExtract a substring from a given string:\n");
printf("--------------------------------------------\n");
printf("Input the string : ");
fgets(str, sizeof str, stdin);
printf("Input the position to start extraction :");
scanf("%d", &pos);
printf("Input the length of substring :");
scanf("%d", &l);
while (c < l)
{
sstr[c] = str[pos+c-1];
c++;
}
sstr[c] = '\0';
printf("The substring retrieve from the string is : \" %s\ "\n\n", sstr);
}
2.) A structure is a user-defined data type available in C that allows to combining data items of different kinds. Structures are used to represent a record.
Defining a structure: To define a structure, you must use the struct statement. The struct statement defines a new data type, with more than or equal to one member. The format of the struct statement is as follows:
struct [structure name]
{
member definition;
member definition;
...
member definition;
};A union is a special data type available in C that allows storing different data types in the same memory location. You can define a union with many members, but only one member can contain a value at any given time. Unions provide an efficient way of using the same memory location for multiple purposes.
Defining a Union: To define a union, you must use the union statement in the same way as you did while defining a structure. The union statement defines a new data type with more than one member for your program. The format of the union statement is as follows:
union [union name]
{
member definition;
member definition;
...
member definition;
};Similarities between Structure and Union
- Both are user-defined data types used to store data of different types as a single unit.
- Their members can be objects of any type, including other structures and unions or arrays. A member can also consist of a bit field.
- Both structures and unions support only assignment = and sizeof operators. The two structures or unions in the assignment must have the same members and member types.
- A structure or a union can be passed by value to functions and returned by value by functions. The argument must have the same type as the function parameter. A structure or union is passed by value just like a scalar variable as a corresponding parameter.
- ‘.’ operator is used for accessing members.