COURSE OBJECTIVES
1. Bridging the gap between the physics in school at 10+2 level and UG level engineering
courses.
2. To identify the importance of the optical phenomenon i.e. interference, diffraction and
polarization related to its Engineering applications
3. Understand the mechanism for emission of light, utility of lasers as coherent light sources for
low and high energy applications, study of propagation of light through optical fibers and their
implications in optical communications.
4. Open new avenues of utility for dielectric and magnetic materials as potential sources for
micro devices.
5. Familiarize the concepts of theoretical acoustics for their practical utility in engineering
acoustics. Explanation for the significance of ultrasound and its application in NDT
application.
6. Enlighten the periodic arrangement of atoms in Crystalline solids by Bragg’s law – Learning
the structural analysis through X-ray diffraction.
COURSE OUTCOMES
1. Explain the need of coherent sources and the conditions for sustained interference (L2).
Identify applications of interference in engineering (L3). Analyze the differences between
interference and diffraction with applications (L4). Illustrate the concept of polarization of
light and its applications (L2). Classify ordinary polarized light and extraordinary polarized
light (L2) The different realms of physics and their applications in both scientific and
technological systems are achieved through the study of wave optics.
2. Explain various types of emission of radiation (L2). Identify lasers as tools in engineering
applications (L3). Describe the construction and working principles of various types of lasers
(L1). Explain the working principle of optical fibers (L2). Classify the optical fibers based on
refractive index profiles and modes of propagation (L2). Identify the applications of optical
fibers in medical, communication and other fields (L2). Apply the fiber optic concepts in
various fields (L3).
3. Explain the concept of dielectric constant and polarization in dielectric materials (L2).
Summarize various types of polarization of dielectrics (L2). Interpret Lorentz field and
Claussius- Mosotti relation in dielectrics (L2). Classify the magnetic materials based on
susceptibility and their temperature dependence (L2). Explain the applications of dielectric
and magnetic materials (L2). Apply the concept of magnetism to magnetic devices (L3).
4. Explain sound waves and its propagation/absorption of construction material used in design
of buildings (L2). Analyze acoustic parameters of typical materials used in buildings (L4).
Recognize sound level disruptors and their application in architectural acoustics (L2).
Identify the use of ultrasonics in diversified fields of engineering (L3)
5. Interpret various crystal systems (L2) and Analyze the characterization of materials by XRD
(L4). Identify the important properties of crystals like the presence of long-range order and
periodicity, structure determination using X-ray diffraction technique (L3). Analysis of
structure of the crystals by Laue and Powder techniques (L2)
Unit-I: Wave Optics
Interference: Principle of superposition –Interference of light - Interference in thin films (Reflection
Geometry) & applications -Colors in thin films- Newton’s Rings- Determination of wavelength and
refractive index.
Diffraction: Introduction - Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction - Fraunhofer diffraction due to single
slit, double slit - N-slits(Qualitative) – Grating - Dispersive power and resolving power of
Grating(Qualitative).
Polarization: Introduction-Types of polarization - Polarization by reflection, refraction and Double
refraction - Nicol’s Prism -Half wave and Quarter wave plates.
Unit Outcomes:
The students will be able to
Explain the need of coherent sources and the conditions for sustained interference (L2)
Identify engineering applications of interference (L3)
Analyze the differences between interference and diffraction with applications (L4)
Illustrate the concept of polarization of light and its applications (L2)
Classify ordinary polarized light and extraordinary polarized light (L2)
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Unit-II: Lasers and Fiber optics
Lasers: Introduction – Characteristics of laser – Spontaneous and Stimulated emissions of radiation –
Einstein’s coefficients – Population inversion –Lasing action- Pumping mechanisms – Ruby laser –
He-Ne laser - Applications of lasers.
Fiber optics: Introduction –Principle of optical fiber- Acceptance Angle-Numerical Aperture-
Classification of optical fibers based on refractive index profile and modes –Propagation of
electromagnetic wave through optical fibers - Applications.
Unit Outcomes:
The students will be able to
Understand the basic concepts of LASER light Sources (L2)
Apply the concepts to learn the types of lasers (L3)
Identifies the Engineering applications of lasers (L2)
Explain the working principle of optical fibers (L2)
Classify optical fibers based on refractive index profile and mode of propagation (L2)
Identify the applications of optical fibers in various fields (L2)
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UNIT III: Engineering Materials
Dielectric Materials: Introduction - Dielectric polarization - Dielectric polarizability, Susceptibility
and Dielectric constant - Types of polarizations- Electronic (Quantitative), Ionic (Quantitative) and
Orientation polarizations (Qualitative) - Lorentz internal field- Clausius-Mossotti equation-
Piezoelectricity.
Magnetic Materials: Introduction - Magnetic dipole moment - Magnetization-Magnetic
susceptibility and permeability - Origin of permanent magnetic moment - Classification of magnetic
materials: Dia, para, Ferro, antiferro & Ferrimagnetic materials - Domain concept for
Ferromagnetism & Domain walls (Qualitative) - Hysteresis - soft and hard magnetic materials- Eddy
currents- Engineering applications.
Unit Outcomes:
The students will be able to
Explain the concept of dielectric constant and polarization in dielectric materials (L2)
Summarize various types of polarization of dielectrics (L2)
Interpret Lorentz field and Claussius- Mosotti relation in dielectrics(L2)
Classify the magnetic materials based on susceptibility and their temperature dependence (L2)
Explain the applications of dielectric and magnetic materials (L2)
Apply the concept of magnetism to magnetic devices (L3)
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Unit-IV: Acoustics and Ultrasonics
Acoustics: Introduction – requirements of acoustically good hall– Reverberation – Reverberation
time– Sabine’s formula (Derivation using growth and decay method) - Absorption coefficient and its
determination – Factors affecting acoustics of buildings and their remedial measures.
Ultrasonics: Introduction - Properties - Production by magnetostriction and piezoelectric methods –
Detection - Acoustic grating - Non Destructive Testing – pulse echo system through transmission and
reflection modes - Applications.
Unit Outcomes:
The students will be able to
Explain how sound is propagated in buildings (L2)
Analyze acoustic properties of typically used materials in buildings (L4)
Recognize sound level disruptors and their use in architectural acoustics (L2)
Identify the use of ultrasonics in different fields (L3)
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Unit-V: Crystallography and X-ray diffraction
Crystallography: Space lattice, Basis, Unit Cell and lattice parameters – Bravais Lattice – crystal
systems (3D) – coordination number - packing fraction of SC, BCC & FCC - Miller indices –
separation between successive (hkl) planes.
X-ray diffraction: Bragg’s law - X-ray Diffractometer – crystal structure determination by Laue’s
and powder methods.
Unit Outcomes:
The students will be able to
Classify various crystal systems (L2)
Identify different planes in the crystal structure (L3)
Analyze the crystalline structure by Bragg’s X-ray diffractometer (L4)
Apply powder method to measure the crystallinity of a solid (L4)
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Text books:
1. Engineering Physics – Dr. M.N. Avadhanulu & Dr. P.G. Kshirsagar, S. Chand and Company
2. Engineering physics – D.K. Battacharya and Poonam Tandon, Oxford University press.
3. Engineering Physics by P.K.Palanisamy SciTech publications.
Reference Books:
1. Fundamentals of Physics – Halliday, Resnick and Walker, John Wiley &Sons
2. Engineering Physics – M.R.Srinivasan, New Age Publications
3. Engineering Physics – D K Pandey, S. Chaturvedi, Cengage Learning
4. Engineering Physics - Sanjay D. Jain, D. Sahasrambudhe and Girish, University Press