Course Learning Objectives:
To study about uniform and non-uniform flows in open channel and also to learn
about the characteristics of hydraulic jump
To introduce dimensional analysis for fluid flow problems
To understand the working principles of various types of hydraulic machines and
Pumps.
Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course the students will be able to:
Solve uniform and non-uniform open channel flow problems.
Apply the principals of dimensional analysis and similitude in hydraulic model
testing.
Understand the working principles of various hydraulic machineries and pumps.
UNIT – I: UNIFORM FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL:
Types of channels –Types of flows - Velocity distribution – Energy and momentum correction
factors – Chezy’s, and Manning’s formulae for uniform flow – Most Economical sections, Critical
flow: Specific energy-critical depth – computation of critical depth.
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UNIT II: NON-UNIFORM FLOW IN OPEN CHANNELS: Steady Gradually Varied flow-
Dynamic equation, Mild, Critical, Steep, horizontal and adverse slopes-surface profiles-direct step
method- Rapidly varied flow, hydraulic jump, energy dissipation.
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UNIT – III: HYDRAULIC SIMILITUDE: Dimensional analysis-Rayleigh’s method and
Buckingham’s pi theorem-study of Hydraulic models – Geometric, kinematic and dynamic
similarities-dimensionless numbers – model and prototype relations.
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UNIT – IV: BASICS OF TURBO MACHINERY: Hydrodynamic force of jets on stationary and
moving flat, inclined and curved vanes, jet striking centrally and at tip, velocity triangles at inlet
and outlet, expressions for work done and efficiency-Angular momentum principle.
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UNIT – V:
HYDRAULIC TURBINES – I: Layout of a typical Hydropower installation – Heads and
efficiencies - classification of turbines. Pelton wheel - Francis turbine - Kaplan turbine - working,
working proportions, velocity diagram, work done and efficiency, hydraulic design, draft tube –
theory and efficiency. Governing of turbines-surge tanks-unit and specific quantities, selection of
turbines, performance characteristics-geometric similarity-cavitation.
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PUMPS:
CENTRAIFUGAL-PUMPS: Pump installation details-classification-work done- Manometric
head-minimum starting speed-losses and efficiencies-specific speed, multistage pumps-pumps in
parallel and series - performance of pumps-characteristic curves- NPSH- Cavitation.
RECIPROCATING PUMPS: Introduction, classification, components, working, discharge,
indicator diagram, work done and slip.
Text Books:
1. Open Channel flow, K. Subramanya, Tata McGraw Hill Publishers
2. Fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines, Rajput, A.K(2018) , S chand ,New Delhi
3. Fluid Mechanics, Modi and Seth, Standard book house.
References:
1. Fluid Flow in Pipes and Channels, G.L. Asawa, CBS
2. Fluid Mechanics and Machinery, C.S.P. OJHA, R. BERNDTSSON and P.N.
Chandramouli, Oxford Higher Education.
3. Fluid Mechanics and Machinery, Md. Kaleem Khan, Oxford Higherducation.
4. Fluid mechanics and Hydraulic machines, R.K. Bansal, Laxmi publications ,New Delhi.